Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disorder affecting about 1% of the general population. Several lines of evidence indicate that Regulator of G Protein Signaling 2 (RGS2) contributes to schizophrenia vulnerability because it modulates signal transduction of neurotransmitter receptors that play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. A number of studies have shown an association of polymorphic loci RGS2 gene with the occurrence of extrapyramidal symptoms induced by neuroleptics. DNA samples of 258 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and of 263 healthy controls of Russian and Tatar ethnic group living in the Republic of Bashkortostan were involved into the present study. In the result of the present study low risk genetic markers; high risk genetic markers of paranoid schizophrenia RGS2*G/*G (rs2746071) in Russians (p=0.001; OR=4.08) and in Tatars (p=0,000; OR=4.88); allele RGS2*G in Russians (p=0,00003; OR=2,37) and Tatars (p=0,000; OR=2,51), high risk genetic markers of extrapyramidal symptoms induced by neuroleptics: RGS2*T/*T (rs2746073), RGS2*C/*C (rs4606), RGS2*A/*A (rs2746071) in Russians, genetic markers of treatment efficacy in Tatars were obtained in individuals from the Republic of Bashkortostan; considerable inter-ethnic diversity of genetic risk factors for this disease was revealed The results of this study are consistent previous results and support the hypothesis that polymorphic loci RGS2 gene associated with risk of extrapyramidal symptoms induced by neuroleptics, and are involved in schizophrenia pathway.