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Vol 49(2015) N 6 p. 818-824; DOI 0.1134/S0026893315060059 Full Text

D.A. Didych*, D.V. Tyulkina, V.V. Pleshkan, I.V. Alekseenko, E.D. Sverdlov

Are super-enhancers regulators of regulatory genes of development and cancer?

Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia

*Dmitrydid@gmail.com
Received - 2015-05-13; Accepted - 2015-05-13

Enhancers make up a huge class of genome regulatory elements that play an important role in the formation and maintenance of specific patterns of gene transcriptional activity in all types of cells. In recent years, high-throughput methods for the genome-wide epigenetic analysis of chromatin have made it possible to identify structural and functional features of enhancers and their role in the spatial and functional organization of the genome and in the formation and maintenance of cell identity, as well as in the pathogenesis of certain diseases. Special attention has been focused on genome regions called super-enhancers, or stretch enhancers, which consist of clusters of elements with properties of classic enhancers. This review considers current data on specific properties of super-enhancers and their role in the formation of interconnected autoregulatory circuits with positive feedback that regulates the most important genes, the activity of which underlies the formation and maintenance of specialized cellular functions.

enhancer, super-enhancer, functional genomics, regulation of transcription, master regulator, eukaryotes, cellular differentiation



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