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Vol 48(2014) N 1 p. 1-10; DOI 10.1134/S0026893314010117 Full Text

S.N. Pchelina1,2,3*, A.K. Emelyanov1,2,3, T.S. Usenko1,2

Molecular Basis of Parkinson's Disease Linked to LRRK2 Mutations

1Konstantinov Institute of Nuclear Physics, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Gatchina, 188300, Russia
2Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Pavlov St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, 197220, Russia
3St. Petersburg Academic University-Nanotechnology Research and Education Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia

*sopchelina@hotmail.com
Received - 2013-05-30; Accepted - 2013-08-10

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder whose symptoms are consistent with death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. The pathogenesis of PD involves several factors, such as α-synuclein aggregation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activation of apoptosis, but the exact molecular mechanism of neurodegeneration remains obscure. PD is usually sporadic, while rare monogenic forms have been identified and described in the past 15 years. Familial Parkinson's disease is most commonly associated with mutations of the leucine repeat-rich kinase 2 gene (LRRK2). The mechanism of the disease due to LRRK2 mutations is unknown. The signaling cascades regulated by LRRK2 are difficult to study because the physiological substrates of the enzyme are unidentified. The G2019S substitution has been found to be the most common LRRK2 mutation, facilitating a search for patients with LRRK2-associated PD in various populations. The review considers the effects of LRRK2 mutations on protein and, in particular, α-synuclein aggregation, cytoskeletal dynamics, the inflammatory response, and the induction of apoptosis as revealed in both in vitro experiments and studies in PD patients. Investigation of rare hereditary PD forms with known etiology provides for a better understanding of the mechanism of neurodegeneration in more common sporadic PD forms.

Parkinson's disease, hereditary forms, LRRK2, α-synuclein aggregation, apoptosis



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